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								<h1 id="h1">Правила чтения</h1><p class="subhead">В&#160;английском языке звуков больше, чем букв. Звуки имеют различное выражение на&#160;письме. Один и&#160;тот&#160;же звук может выражаться разными буквами или буквосочетаниями. Для&#160;распознания звуков используются транскрипционные знаки. По&#160;транскрипции в&#160;словаре можно понять, как произносится&#160;слово.</p>
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								<h2 id="a0">Содержание</h2>
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												<option value="" disabled="" selected="">Переход к&#160;главам&#8230;</option>
												<option value="#a3">Произношение гласных</option>
												<option value="#a4">Правило открытого и&#160;закрытого слога</option>
												<option value="#a5">Произношение согласных</option>
												<option value="#a6">Произношение букв в&#160;начале слова</option>
												<option value="#a7">Произношение букв в&#160;середине слова</option>
												<option value="#a8">Произношение буквосочетаний в&#160;конце слова</option>
												<option value="#a9">Произношение букв в&#160;комбинации</option>
												<option value="#a10">Транскрипция</option>
												<option value="#a11">Алфавит</option>
												<option value="#a12">Типы чтения гласных</option>
												<option value="#a13">Глухие и&#160;звонкие согласные</option>
												<option value="#a14">Непарные согласные звуки</option>
												<option value="#a15">Долгие и&#160;краткие гласные</option>
												<option value="#a16">Непарные гласные звуки</option>
												<option value="#a17">Дифтонги</option>
												<option value="#a18">Гласные звуки</option>
												<option value="#a20">Согласные звуки</option>
												<option value="#a21">Основные правила правописания</option>
												<option value="#a22">Чтение отдельных букв и&#160;буквосочетаний</option>
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								<div class="holder-btn-expand-hidden-layer"><h2 class="btn-expand-hidden-layer" id="a3">Произношение гласных</h2></div><div class="holder-hidden-layer"><table class="respond fit-width"><caption></caption><thead><tr><th>Правило</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td data-label="Правило">Если слово состоит из&#160;одного слога, то <span class="bolder">e</span> на&#160;конце слова не&#160;произносится: <span class="italic">die, mate, bottle</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило">Если слово состоит из&#160;одного слога и&#160;оканчивается на <span class="bolder">e</span>, которая в&#160;этом случае будет являться единственной гласной, то <span class="bolder">e</span> произносится как в&#160;алфавите&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;i&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;: <span class="italic">me, he, she</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило">Если слово состоит из&#160;двух и&#160;более слогов и&#160;оканчивается на <span class="bolder">ee</span>, то это сочетание всегда стоит под ударением и&#160;произносится как&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;i&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;: <span class="italic">fee, employee, addressee</span></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
								<div class="holder-btn-expand-hidden-layer"><h2 class="btn-expand-hidden-layer" id="a4">Правило открытого и&#160;закрытого слога</h2></div><div class="holder-hidden-layer"><p>Ударный слог называется открытым, если он&#160;оканчивается на&#160;гласную, после которой не&#160;следует согласная (<span class="italic">me, tea, play</span>), или если он&#160;оканчивается на&#160;согласную, после которой следует очередная гласная (<span class="italic">place, mute, nice</span>).</p><p>Гласные в&#160;открытом слоге произносятся следующим образом:</p><table class="respond fit-width"><caption></caption><thead><tr><th>Правило</th><th>Пример</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">a&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">e&#618;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">mate</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">e&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">i&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">eve</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">u&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">ju&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">mute</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">u&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">u&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">flute, rule</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">i&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">a&#618;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">bite</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">y&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">a&#618;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">byte</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">o&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#601;&#650;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">note</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p>Ударный слог называется закрытым, если он&#160;оканчивается на&#160;согласную, за&#160;которой не&#160;следует гласная (<span class="italic">pot, tip</span>), или после которой следует другая согласная (<span class="italic">doctor, lord</span>).</p><p>Гласные в&#160;закрытом слоге произносятся следующим образом:</p><table class="respond fit-width"><caption></caption><thead><tr><th>Правило</th><th>Пример</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">a&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#230;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">map</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">e&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">e&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">set</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">u&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#652;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">nut</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">i&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#618;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">hit</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">y&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#618;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">myth</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">o&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#594;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">box</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p>Из правил открытого и&#160;закрытого слога есть много исключений.</p><table class="respond fit-width"><caption></caption><thead><tr><th>Правило</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td data-label="Правило">Гласная <span class="bolder">a</span> перед согласной <span class="bolder">s</span>, после которой следует другая согласная, читается как&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#593;&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;: <span class="italic">pass, master, past, task, fast</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило">Гласная <span class="bolder">a</span> перед <span class="bolder">th</span> произносится как&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#593;&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;: <span class="italic">path, rather, father</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило">Гласная <span class="bolder">a</span> после <span class="bolder">w</span> в&#160;закрытом слоге произносится как&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#596;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;: <span class="italic">want, was, wander (бродить)</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило">Гласная <span class="bolder">a</span> перед <span class="bolder">l</span> + согласная произносится как&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#596;&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;: <span class="italic">walk, also, false (ошибочный)</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило">Однако <span class="bolder">alf</span> читается как&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#593;&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;: <span class="italic">calf, half</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило">В закрытом слоге гласные <span class="bolder">a, i, y</span> перед сочетанием согласной + <span class="bolder">le</span> читается как в&#160;открытом слоге&#160;&#8212;&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;e&#618;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;: <span class="italic">table, maple, cycle, idle, title</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило">Гласная o перед согласными <span class="bolder">m, n, th, v</span> произносится как&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#652;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;: <span class="italic">dove, love, month, London, some</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">-ost</span> произносится как&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#601;&#650;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;: <span class="italic">most, host, post</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило">Есть также единичные случаи как, например, слова: <span class="italic">put, pull, push</span>, где в&#160;закрытом слоге гласная <span class="bolder">u</span> произносится как&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#650;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;, или слово <span class="italic">give</span>, где в&#160;открытом слоге гласная <span class="bolder">i</span> произносится как в&#160;закрытом&#160;&#8212;&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#618;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило">Ударная гласная <span class="bolder">y</span> в&#160;открытом слоге произносится как&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;a&#618;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;: <span class="italic">sky, fly, type</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило">Безударная гласная <span class="bolder">y</span> в&#160;конце многосложного слова произносится как&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#618;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;: <span class="italic">happy, truly, noisy</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило">В закрытом слоге под ударением гласная <span class="bolder">y</span> произносится как&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#618;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;: <span class="italic">myth, rhythm, system</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило">Гласная <span class="bolder">e</span> в&#160;безударном слоге (кроме окончания <span class="bolder">er</span>&#160;&#8212;&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#601;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;) произносится как&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#618;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;: <span class="italic">begin</span></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
								<div class="holder-btn-expand-hidden-layer"><h2 class="btn-expand-hidden-layer" id="a5">Произношение согласных</h2></div><div class="holder-hidden-layer"><table class="respond fit-width"><caption></caption><thead><tr><th>Правило</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td data-label="Правило">Согласная <span class="bolder">s</span> произносится как&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;s&#47;</span>&#160;&#160; в&#160;начале слова или после глухих согласных: <span class="italic">sit, set, cats, maps</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило">Согласная <span class="bolder">s</span> произносится как&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;z&#47;</span>&#160;&#160; после гласных или звонких согласных: <span class="italic">bees, flies, beds, plans</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило">Согласная <span class="bolder">x</span> произносится как&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#609;z&#47;</span>&#160;&#160; перед гласными или звонкими согласными: <span class="italic">exam, exist, exact</span>. В&#160;остальных случаях согласная <span class="bolder">x</span> произносится как&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;ks&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;: <span class="italic">box, except, text</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило">Сочетание <span class="bolder">gu</span> перед гласными произносится как&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#609;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;: <span class="italic">guest, guard</span></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
								<div class="holder-btn-expand-hidden-layer"><h2 class="btn-expand-hidden-layer" id="a6">Произношение букв в&#160;начале слова</h2></div><div class="holder-hidden-layer"><table class="respond fit-width"><caption></caption><thead><tr><th>Правило</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td data-label="Правило">В начале слова не&#160;произносится буква <span class="bolder">w</span>, если за&#160;ней следует <span class="bolder">r</span>: <span class="italic">wrong, write, wrist</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило">В начале слова не&#160;произносятся буквы <span class="bolder">g</span> и&#160;<span class="bolder">k</span>, если за&#160;ними следует <span class="bolder">n</span>: <span class="italic">knight, knife, gnat, gnaw</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило">Если в&#160;начале слова стоит сочетание <span class="bolder">wh</span>, то буква <span class="bolder">h</span> в&#160;этом сочетании не&#160;произносится: <span class="italic">what, where, white</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило">Однако, если после <span class="bolder">wh</span> следует <span class="bolder">o</span>, то не&#160;произносится <span class="bolder">w</span>, а&#160;не <span class="bolder">h</span>: <span class="italic">who, whose, whom, whole</span></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
								<div class="holder-btn-expand-hidden-layer"><h2 class="btn-expand-hidden-layer" id="a7">Произношение букв в&#160;середине слова</h2></div><div class="holder-hidden-layer"><table class="respond fit-width"><caption></caption><thead><tr><th>Правило</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td data-label="Правило">В середине слова сочетание <span class="bolder">ng</span> произносится как&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#331;&#609;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160; в&#160;отличие от&#160;ударных: <span class="italic">angry, finger, singer</span></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
								<div class="holder-btn-expand-hidden-layer"><h2 class="btn-expand-hidden-layer" id="a8">Произношение буквосочетаний в&#160;конце слова</h2></div><div class="holder-hidden-layer"><table class="respond fit-width"><caption></caption><thead><tr><th>Правило</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td data-label="Правило">В конце слова безударные сочетания <span class="bolder">er, re, or</span> в&#160;отличие от&#160;ударных произносятся как&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#601;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;: <span class="italic">mother, doctor, centre</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило">В конце слова безударное сочетание <span class="bolder">our</span> в&#160;отличие от&#160;ударного произносятся как&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#601;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;: <span class="italic">colour, favour</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило">В конце слова безударное сочетание <span class="bolder">ous</span> в&#160;отличие от&#160;ударного <span class="bolder">ou</span> произносятся как&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#601;s&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;: <span class="italic">precious, famous</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило">Окончание <span class="bolder">sion</span> произносится как&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#643;n&#47;</span>&#160;&#160; после предшествующей согласной (pension, passion), или как&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#658;n&#47;</span>&#160;&#160; после предшествующей гласной (<span class="italic">vision, decision, intrusion</span>)</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило">В конце слова безударные сочетания <span class="bolder">ay, ey</span> произносятся как&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#618;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;: <span class="italic">Monday, money, kidney</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило">В конце слова сочетание <span class="bolder">que</span> произносятся как&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;k&#47;</span>&#160;&#160; в&#160;отличие от&#160;начала и&#160;середины слова: <span class="italic">cheque, unique</span></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
								<div class="holder-btn-expand-hidden-layer"><h2 class="btn-expand-hidden-layer" id="a9">Произношение букв в&#160;комбинации</h2></div><div class="holder-hidden-layer"><table class="respond fit-width"><caption></caption><thead><tr><th>Правило</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td data-label="Правило">Буква <span class="bolder">c</span> произносится как&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;s&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;, если она стоит перед <span class="bolder">e, i, y</span>: <span class="italic">centre, cinema, cycle</span>. В&#160;остальных случаях буква <span class="bolder">c</span> произносится как&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;k&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;: <span class="italic">come, clone, cave, cube</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило">Буква <span class="bolder">g</span> произносится как&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;d&#658;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;, если она стоит перед <span class="bolder">e, i, y</span>: <span class="italic">college, giant, gym, prodigy (предзнаменование)</span>. В&#160;остальных случаях буква <span class="bolder">g</span> произносится как&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#609;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;: <span class="italic">game, guest, flag, go</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило">Исключения (буква <span class="bolder">g</span> произносится как&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#609;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;, а&#160;не&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;d&#658;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;): <span class="italic">give, get, girl, finger</span> и&#160;др</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
								<div class="holder-btn-expand-hidden-layer"><h2 class="btn-expand-hidden-layer" id="a10">Транскрипция</h2></div><div class="holder-hidden-layer"><p>Гласные&#160;звуки:</p><table class="respond fit-width"><caption></caption><thead><tr><th>Звук</th><th>Пример</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#230;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">bad</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#601;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">about</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#593;&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">barn</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#601;&#650;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">note</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#594;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">pot</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#604;:&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">bird</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;a&#618;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">bite</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#618;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">pit</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;a&#650;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">now</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;i&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">sheep</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;a&#618;&#601;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">tire</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#618;&#601;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">here</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;a&#650;&#601;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">tower</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;u&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">boot</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#596;&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">born</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#650;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">put</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#596;&#618;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">boy</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;u&#601;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">poor</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;e&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">bed</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#652;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">cut</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;e&#601;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">there</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;e&#618;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">make</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p>Согласные&#160;звуки:</p><table class="respond fit-width"><caption></caption><thead><tr><th>Звук</th><th>Пример</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;b&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">back</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#331;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">sing</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;d&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">day</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;p&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">pen</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#240;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">they</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;r&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">red</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;d&#658;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">jump</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;s&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">son</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;f&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">few</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#643;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">she</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#609;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">gay</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;t&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">tea</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;h&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">hot</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;t&#643;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">chat</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;j&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">yet</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#952;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">thing</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;k&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">key</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;v&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">view</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;l&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">led</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;w&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">wet</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;m&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">map</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;z&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">zero</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;n&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">nod</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#658;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">measure</span></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
								<div class="holder-btn-expand-hidden-layer"><h2 class="btn-expand-hidden-layer" id="a11">Алфавит</h2></div><div class="holder-hidden-layer"><p>Английский алфавит содержит 26&#160;букв.</p><table class="respond fit-width"><caption></caption><thead><tr><th>Буква</th><th>Звук</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td data-label="Буква"><span class="bolder">A</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;e&#618;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Буква"><span class="bolder">B</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;bi&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Буква"><span class="bolder">C</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;si&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Буква"><span class="bolder">D</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;di&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Буква"><span class="bolder">E</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;i&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Буква"><span class="bolder">F</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;ef&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Буква"><span class="bolder">g</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;d&#658;i&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Буква"><span class="bolder">H</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;e&#618;t&#643;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Буква"><span class="bolder">I</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;a&#618;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Буква"><span class="bolder">J</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;d&#658;e&#618;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Буква"><span class="bolder">K</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;ke&#618;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Буква"><span class="bolder">L</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;el&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Буква"><span class="bolder">M</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;em&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Буква"><span class="bolder">N</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;en&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Буква"><span class="bolder">O</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#601;&#650;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Буква"><span class="bolder">P</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;pi&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Буква"><span class="bolder">Q</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;kju&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Буква"><span class="bolder">R</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#593;&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Буква"><span class="bolder">S</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;es&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Буква"><span class="bolder">T</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;ti&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Буква"><span class="bolder">U</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;ju&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Буква"><span class="bolder">V</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;vi&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Буква"><span class="bolder">W</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#712;d&#652;bl&#712;ju&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Буква"><span class="bolder">X</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;eks&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Буква"><span class="bolder">Y</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;wa&#618;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Буква"><span class="bolder">Z</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;zed, zi&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
								<div class="holder-btn-expand-hidden-layer"><h2 class="btn-expand-hidden-layer" id="a12">Типы чтения гласных</h2></div><div class="holder-hidden-layer"><table class="respond fit-width"><caption></caption><thead><tr><th>&#160;</th><th>I тип&#160;/ Откр. слог</th><th>II тип&#160;/ Закр. слог</th><th>+&#160;r+&#160;согл.</th><th>+&#160;r +&#160;гласн.</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td data-label="">A</td><td data-label="I тип&#160;/ Откр. слог"><span class="italic">tape&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">e&#618;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="II тип&#160;/ Закр. слог"><span class="italic">tap&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#230;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="+&#160;r+&#160;согл."><span class="italic">car&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#593;&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="+&#160;r +&#160;гласн."><span class="italic">care&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">e&#601;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td></tr><tr><td data-label="">O</td><td data-label="I тип&#160;/ Откр. слог"><span class="italic">note&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#601;&#650;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="II тип&#160;/ Закр. слог"><span class="italic">not&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#594;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="+&#160;r+&#160;согл."><span class="italic">for&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#596;&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="+&#160;r +&#160;гласн."><span class="italic">more&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#596;&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td></tr><tr><td data-label="">U</td><td data-label="I тип&#160;/ Откр. слог"><span class="italic">mute&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">ju&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="II тип&#160;/ Закр. слог"><span class="italic">nut&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#652;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="+&#160;r+&#160;согл."><span class="italic">fur&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#604;:&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="+&#160;r +&#160;гласн."><span class="italic">cure&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">ju&#601;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td></tr><tr><td data-label="">E</td><td data-label="I тип&#160;/ Откр. слог"><span class="italic">eve&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">i&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="II тип&#160;/ Закр. слог"><span class="italic">bed&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">e&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="+&#160;r+&#160;согл."><span class="italic">her&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#604;:&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="+&#160;r +&#160;гласн."><span class="italic">here&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#618;&#601;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td></tr><tr><td data-label="">I</td><td data-label="I тип&#160;/ Откр. слог"><span class="italic">fine&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">a&#618;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="II тип&#160;/ Закр. слог"><span class="italic">hit&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#618;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="+&#160;r+&#160;согл."><span class="italic">fir&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#604;:&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="+&#160;r +&#160;гласн."><span class="italic">fire&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">a&#618;&#601;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td></tr><tr><td data-label="">Y</td><td data-label="I тип&#160;/ Откр. слог"><span class="italic">byte&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">a&#618;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="II тип&#160;/ Закр. слог"><span class="italic">myth&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#618;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="+&#160;r+&#160;согл."><span class="italic">myrrh&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#604;:&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="+&#160;r +&#160;гласн."><span class="italic">tyre&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">a&#618;&#601;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
								<div class="holder-btn-expand-hidden-layer"><h2 class="btn-expand-hidden-layer" id="a13">Глухие и&#160;звонкие согласные</h2></div><div class="holder-hidden-layer"><table class="respond fit-width"><caption></caption><thead><tr><th>Глухой</th><th>Звонкий</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td data-label="Глухой">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;f&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Звонкий">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;v&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Глухой">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;k&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Звонкий">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#609;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Глухой">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;p&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Звонкий">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;b&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Глухой">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;s&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Звонкий">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;z&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Глухой">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;t&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Звонкий">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;d&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Глухой">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#643;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Звонкий">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#658;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Глухой">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;t&#643;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Звонкий">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;d&#658;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Глухой">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#952;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Звонкий">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#240;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
								<div class="holder-btn-expand-hidden-layer"><h2 class="btn-expand-hidden-layer" id="a14">Непарные согласные звуки</h2></div><div class="holder-hidden-layer"><table class="respond fit-width"><caption></caption><thead><tr><th>Непарный</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td data-label="Непарный">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;m&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Непарный">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;l&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Непарный">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;j&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Непарный">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;w&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Непарный">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;n&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Непарный">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#331;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Непарный">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;r&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Непарный">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;h&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
								<div class="holder-btn-expand-hidden-layer"><h2 class="btn-expand-hidden-layer" id="a15">Долгие и&#160;краткие гласные</h2></div><div class="holder-hidden-layer"><table class="respond fit-width"><caption></caption><thead><tr><th>Долгий</th><th>Краткий</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td data-label="Долгий">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#593;&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Краткий">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#652;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Долгий">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#596;&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Краткий">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#594;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Долгий">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;u&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Краткий">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#650;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Долгий">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;i&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Краткий">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#618;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
								<div class="holder-btn-expand-hidden-layer"><h2 class="btn-expand-hidden-layer" id="a16">Непарные гласные звуки</h2></div><div class="holder-hidden-layer"><table class="respond fit-width"><caption></caption><thead><tr><th>Непарный</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td data-label="Непарный">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;e&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Непарный">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#230;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Непарный">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#604;:&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Непарный">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#601;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
								<div class="holder-btn-expand-hidden-layer"><h2 class="btn-expand-hidden-layer" id="a17">Дифтонги</h2></div><div class="holder-hidden-layer"><table class="respond fit-width"><caption></caption><thead><tr><th>Звук</th><th>Пример</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;a&#618;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">eye, byte, bite, die, night, try</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;e&#618;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">day, pain, state, betray, aim</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#596;&#618;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">boy, toy, boil, oyster</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#601;&#650;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">own, bone, soap, toe, post</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;a&#650;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">our, tower, down, loud, plough</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#618;&#601;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">ear, dear, deer, pier, beard</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;u&#601;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">tour, poor, cure, sure</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;e&#601;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">air, bare, wear, fair, fairy</span></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
								<div class="holder-btn-expand-hidden-layer"><h2 class="btn-expand-hidden-layer" id="a18">Гласные звуки</h2></div><div class="holder-hidden-layer"><table class="respond fit-width"><caption></caption><thead><tr><th>Звук</th><th>Пример</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#593;&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">pass, dance, bath, clerk, dark, bar</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#652;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">cut, blood, love, some, done, uncle</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#230;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">bag, bad, grammar, pattern, hand</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;e&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">pen, test, end, pencil, merry</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#601;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">Japan, elephant, mother, humour, fire</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#604;:&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">turn, year, worth, skirt, term</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;i&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">seen, bean, ski, priest, meter, receive, meet</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#618;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">pin, sit, litter, Italy</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#596;&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">pork, score, for, more, fall, saw, ought</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#594;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">dog, gone, bottom, bottle, philosophy</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;u&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">you, boot, prove, flue, few</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#650;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">good, put, pull, push, cushion</span></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
								<div class="holder-btn-expand-hidden-layer"><h2 class="btn-expand-hidden-layer" id="a20">Согласные звуки</h2></div><div class="holder-hidden-layer"><table class="respond fit-width"><caption></caption><thead><tr><th>Звук</th><th>Пример</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#952;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">three, think, thought, month, author</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#240;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">that, this, other, mother, booth</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#643;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">sure, push, bishop, session, station, musician</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#658;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">genre, garage, decision, vision, division</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#331;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">uncle, ankle, string, bring, trying</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;p&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">piece, place, supper, clip, ship</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;b&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">boy, bottle, labour, double, stub</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;m&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">my, humour, lamb, time, sum</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;w&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">window, where, swallow, twice, quick</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;f&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">fever, photo, suffer, laugh, staff</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;v&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">veal, vase, stove, cover, glove</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;s&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">sit, peace, pass, scene, lesson</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;z&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">zoo, zipper, jazz, scissors, season</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;t&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">two, try, twist, battle, settle</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;d&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">die, dog, saddle, sad, mud</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;n&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">nine, knit, gnat (мошка), sign, funny</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;l&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">lead, list, flirt, fly, doll</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;r&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">rat, ride, dream, pirate, ferry</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;k&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">cat, kid, clock, accept, axe</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#609;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">guide, give, segment, dog, frog</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;h&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">high, here, who, how, unhappy</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;j&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">yes, yet, pure, cute, suit</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;d&#658;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">jazz, just, page, danger, bridge</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;t&#643;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">chess, chin, bitch, pinch, butcher</span></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
								<div class="holder-btn-expand-hidden-layer"><h2 class="btn-expand-hidden-layer" id="a21">Основные правила правописания</h2></div><div class="holder-hidden-layer"><table class="respond fit-width"><caption></caption><thead><tr><th>Правило</th><th>Пример</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td data-label="Правило">Для написания кратких гласных звуков требуется только одна гласная</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">at&#160;&#8212; red&#160;&#8212; it&#160;&#8212; hot&#160;&#8212; up</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило">Для записи долгих гласных звуков необходимо добавить вторую гласную, которая может соседствовать с&#160;первой</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">boat&#160;&#8212; maid&#160;&#8212; cue</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило">или следовать после согласной</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">made&#160;&#8212; ride&#160;&#8212; tide</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило">Согласный звук&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;k&#47;</span>&#160;&#160; передается на&#160;письме следующими буквами и&#160;буквосочетаниями:</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">c&#160;&#8212; cc&#160;&#8212; k&#160;&#8212; ck</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило">Чаще встречается <span class="bolder">c</span></td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">cat&#160;&#8212; corn&#160;&#8212; actor&#160;&#8212; victim&#160;&#8212; direct&#160;&#8212; mica</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило">Иногда буква <span class="bolder">c</span> должна быть удвоена, чтобы сохранить краткий тип чтения гласной</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">stucco&#160;&#8212; baccalaureate&#160;&#8212; hiccups</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило">Перед гласными <span class="bolder">e, i, y</span> вместо <span class="bolder">c</span> пишут <span class="bolder">k</span></td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">skin&#160;&#8212; token&#160;&#8212; skill&#160;&#8212; keep</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило">а <span class="bolder">cc</span> заменяют на <span class="bolder">ck</span></td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">lucky&#160;&#8212; picking&#160;&#8212; rocking</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ck</span> всегда следует после краткого гласного звука</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">sack&#160;&#8212; duck&#160;&#8212; lick&#160;&#8212; stick&#160;&#8212; wreck&#160;&#8212; clock</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило">Звук&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;d&#658;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160; пишется тремя способами:</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">у&#160;&#8212; ge&#160;&#8212; dge</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">j</span> пишут перед <span class="bolder">a, o, u</span></td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">just&#160;&#8212; jam&#160;&#8212; jungle&#160;&#8212; injure</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило">Перед гласными <span class="bolder">e, i, y</span> вместо <span class="bolder">j</span> пишут <span class="bolder">g</span></td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">gentle&#160;&#8212; ginger&#160;&#8212; aging&#160;&#8212; algebra</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило">После краткого гласного пишут <span class="bolder">dge</span></td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">judge&#160;&#8212; edge&#160;&#8212; smudge&#160;&#8212; budget</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило">Звук&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;ch&#47;</span>&#160;&#160; имеет два написания: <span class="bolder">tch</span> после краткого гласного</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">witch&#160;&#8212; sketch&#160;&#8212; botch&#160;&#8212; satchel</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило">и <span class="bolder">ch</span> в&#160;остальных случаях<br />Исключения:</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">which, rich, much, such, touch, bachelor, attach, sandwich, ostrich</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило">Звук&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;kw&#47;</span>&#160;&#160; всегда пишется через <span class="bolder">qu</span></td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">&#160;</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило">В конце слова <span class="bolder">v</span> всегда сопровождает <span class="bolder">e.</span></td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">&#160;</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило">Суффиксы могут начинатся на&#160;гласную</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">-ance, -ing, -al, -ar, -ism, -o, -able, -on</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило">или на&#160;согласную</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">-ness, -cess, -less, -ment, -ly, -ty, -ful, -ry, -hood, -ward, -wise</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило">При присоединении любого суффикса к&#160;слову с&#160;конечной <span class="bolder">y</span> меняем <span class="bolder">y</span> на <span class="bolder">i</span></td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">body&#160;&#8212; bodily<br />marry&#160;&#8212; marriage<br />many&#160;&#8212; manifold</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило">При присоединении окончания <span class="bolder">-s</span> к&#160;слову, заканчивающемуся на <span class="bolder">y</span>, перед которой стоит согласная, <span class="bolder">y</span> меняется на <span class="bolder">ie</span></td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">family&#160;&#8212; families</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило">При присоединении окончания <span class="bolder">-ed</span> к&#160;слову, заканчивающемуся на <span class="bolder">y</span>, перед которой стоит согласная, <span class="bolder">y</span> меняется на <span class="bolder">i</span></td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">carry&#160;&#8212; carried</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило">При присоединении суффикса, начинающегося на&#160;гласную, немая <span class="bolder">e</span> опускается</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">ride&#160;&#8212; riding<br />cure&#160;&#8212; curable<br />use&#160;&#8212; usual</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило">Если слово заканчивается на&#160;закрытый слог под ударением, конечная согласная удваивается для сохранения краткого типа чтения</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">remit&#160;&#8212; remittance<br />confer&#160;&#8212; conferring<br />refer&#160;&#8212; referred</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило">Звук&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;sh&#47;</span>&#160;&#160; перед гласным суффиксом выражается через <span class="bolder">ti, si, ci</span></td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">special&#160;&#8212; deficient&#160;&#8212; suspicion&#160;&#8212; suction</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило">Звук&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;ee&#47;</span>&#160;&#160; перед гласным суффиксом пишется через <span class="bolder">i</span></td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">Indian&#160;&#8212; obvious&#160;&#8212; medium</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило">Буква <span class="bolder">s</span> между гласными звучит как&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;z&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">nose&#160;&#8212; result&#160;&#8212; noise</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило">Окончание <span class="bolder">-s</span> меняется на <span class="bolder">-es</span>, если слово заканчивается на <span class="bolder">s, ss, sh, ch, x, o</span></td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">loss&#160;&#8212; losses<br />box&#160;&#8212; boxes<br />twitch&#160;&#8212; twitches</span></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
								<div class="holder-btn-expand-hidden-layer"><h2 class="btn-expand-hidden-layer" id="a22">Чтение отдельных букв и&#160;буквосочетаний</h2></div><div class="holder-hidden-layer"><p>В английском языке звуки выражаются на&#160;письме буквами и&#160;буквосочетаниями. В&#160;данном разделе приведены примеры произношения отдельных букв в&#160;различных положениях, а&#160;также наиболее устойчивые буквосочетания, которые в&#160;большинстве случаев произносятся одним и&#160;тем&#160;же образом. Однако, любые правила произношения имеют исключения, поэтому лучше посмотреть транскрипцию в&#160;словаре.</p><table class="respond fit-width"><caption></caption><thead><tr><th>Правило</th><th>Звук</th><th>Пример</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">a</span> (в&#160;закрытом слоге)</td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#230;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">bag, bad, hand</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">a</span> (исключение: в&#160;открытом слоге)</td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#230;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">have</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">arr</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#230;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">barrel</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">wa</span> (перед <span class="bolder">x, ck, g</span>)</td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#230;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">wax, wagon, wacky</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">i</span> (в&#160;открытом слоге, не&#160;перед <span class="bolder">r</span>)</td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;a&#618;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">fine, pie</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">y</span> (в&#160;открытом слоге, не&#160;перед <span class="bolder">r</span>)</td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;a&#618;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">type, bye</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">y</span> (в&#160;конце односложного)</td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;a&#618;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">my, sky, fly</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ind</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;a&#618;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">kind, mind, blind, find, wind </span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">igh</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;a&#618;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">high, might, flight, sigh, night</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ild</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;a&#618;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">child, wild</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ign</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;a&#618;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">sign</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">i</span> (в&#160;закрытом слоге)</td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#618;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">sit, fit, hit</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">i</span> (исключение: в&#160;открытом слоге, не&#160;перед <span class="bolder">r</span>)</td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#618;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">give</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">y</span> (в&#160;закрытом слоге)</td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#618;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">myth</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">y</span> (в&#160;безударном, середине&#160;/ конце)</td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#618;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">synonym</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">e</span> (в&#160;безударном, начале&#160;/ середине)</td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#618;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">begin</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ind</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#618;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">wind </span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">e</span> (в&#160;открытом слоге)</td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;i&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">eve, meter</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ee</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;i&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">steel, meet, see, reel, heel, beet, reed, feet</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ea</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;i&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">steal, meat, sea, real, heal, beat, read, feat</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ie</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;i&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">piece, believe, relief, priest, grief</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ei</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;i&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">ceiling, seize, receive, deceive, perceive</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">e</span> (в&#160;конце односложного)</td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;i&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">he, me, be, she</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">e</span> (закрытый слог)</td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;e&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">set, theft</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ea</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;e&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">pleasant, heavy</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ead</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;e&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">head, bread, dead</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">a</span> (открытый слог)</td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;e&#618;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">cake, make, rate</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ei</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;e&#618;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">vein, rein</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ey</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;e&#618;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">grey, obey, prey, survey </span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ai</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;e&#618;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">main, rain, mail, hail, sail</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ay</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;e&#618;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">day, May, say, pay, betray</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">eigh</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;e&#618;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">weigh, freight, neighbour, sleigh </span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ould</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#650;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">would, should, could</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ook</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#650;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">book, cook</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ood</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#650;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">hood, good</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">u</span> (закрытый слог)</td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#650;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">put, pull</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ull</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#650;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">pull, full, bull</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ru</span> (в&#160;открытом слоге)</td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;u&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">rule</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">lu</span> (в&#160;открытом слоге)</td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;u&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">blue</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ju</span> (в&#160;открытом слоге)</td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;u&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">June</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">oo</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;u&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">boot, tooth, food, loop, troops, fool</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ou</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;u&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">soup</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ew</span> (перед <span class="bolder">l, r, j</span>)</td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;u&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">flew, brew </span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ough</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;u&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">through</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ew</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;ju&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">few, news, nephew, stew, steward</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">eu</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;ju&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">European, euro</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">u</span> (открытый слог)</td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;ju&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">mute, cute</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">o</span> (закрытый слог)</td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#594;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">hot, box, bottle</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">oll</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#594;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">doll</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">wa</span> (под ударением)</td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#594;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">was, want, wash</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">wha</span> (под ударением)</td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#594;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">what</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">or</span> + согласная</td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#596;&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">pork, fork, passport</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">or</span> + гласная</td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#596;&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">more, adore, ignore</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">oor</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#596;&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">door, floor</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">our</span> + согласная (кроме <span class="bolder">r</span>)</td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#596;&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">source</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">aw</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#596;&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">crawl, awful, lawn, law, paw</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">au</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#596;&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">autumn, audit, author, pause, launch</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">aught</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#596;&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">naughty, daughter, slaughter </span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ought</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#596;&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">bought, brought, fought, thought</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">orse</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#596;&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">horse, worse</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">war</span> + согласная</td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#596;&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">war, warm, ward</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">whar</span> + согласная</td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#596;&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">wharf </span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">all</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#596;&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">mall , stall </span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">alk</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#596;&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">walk, talk, chalk, stalk </span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ald</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#596;&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">bald</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">oi</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#596;&#618;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">coin, point, soil, noise, voice</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">oy</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#596;&#618;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">boy, toy, joyful, enjoy, employ</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ar</span> + согласная</td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#593;&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">dark, car, farm, part, garden</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">alf</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#593;&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">calf, half</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ass</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#593;&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">pass, class</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ast</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#593;&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">past, cast</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">alm</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#593;&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">palm, calm</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ath</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#593;&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">path, bath</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ask</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#593;&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">task, ask</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">eart</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#593;&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">heart</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">asp</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#593;&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">gasp</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">arm</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#593;&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">harm</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ant</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#593;&#720;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">plant</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ir</span> + гласная</td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;a&#618;&#601;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">tire, mire </span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">yr</span> + гласная</td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;a&#618;&#601;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">tyre</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">y</span> + гласная (в&#160;начале слова)</td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;j&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">young, yesterday</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">y</span> (после гласной в&#160;конце слова)</td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;j&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">toy, boy, ray</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">er</span> + согласная</td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#604;:&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">berth, term, germ, service, her</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ur</span> + согласная</td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#604;:&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">turn, burn, nurse, curse, surface</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ir</span> + согласная</td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#604;:&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">bird, third, birthday, girl, flirt</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">yr</span> + согласная</td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#604;:&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">myrrh </span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ear</span> + согласная</td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#604;:&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">earl</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">eard</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#604;:&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">heard</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">wor</span> (в&#160;начале слова)</td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#604;:&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">worm, work</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ere</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#604;:&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">were</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">er</span> + гласная</td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#618;&#601;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">mere, sincere, severe, sphere</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">eard</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#618;&#601;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">beard</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">eird</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#618;&#601;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">weird</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ear</span> (в&#160;конце слова)</td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#618;&#601;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">ear, clear, dear, near</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">eer</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#618;&#601;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">deer, cheer , peer </span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ear</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;e&#601;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">pear, bear, wear, tear, swear</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">air</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;e&#601;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">chair, air, fair, hair, pair</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">are</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;e&#601;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">bare, ware , careful, share</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">er</span> + гласная</td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;e&#601;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">there, where</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">eir</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;e&#601;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">heir, their</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ure</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;ju&#601;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">cure, pure, lure, endure, secure</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ure</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;u&#601;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">sure</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">our</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;u&#601;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">pour</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">oor</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;u&#601;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">poor, boor</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ou</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;a&#650;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">loud, proud, ground, sound, pound</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ow</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;a&#650;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">down, town, brown, crown, row</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">own</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;a&#650;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">gown, brown</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">our</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;a&#650;&#601;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">our, sour, flour</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ower</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;a&#650;&#601;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">power, tower</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">o</span> (открытый слог)</td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#601;&#650;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">note</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">o</span> (в&#160;конце односложных слов)</td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#601;&#650;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">go, no, so</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">o</span> (в&#160;безударном, в&#160;конце)</td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#601;&#650;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">photo, tomato</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">old</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#601;&#650;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">old, cold, gold, folder, soldier</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ow</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#601;&#650;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">crow, row, low, own, mow</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">oa</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#601;&#650;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">soap, goat, moan, boat, coat</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ough</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#601;&#650;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">though</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">olk</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#601;&#650;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">folk</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">oll</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#601;&#650;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">roll</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ost</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#601;&#650;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">post, most, host</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ove</span> (перед согласной)</td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#601;&#650;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">stove, rove</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ar</span> (в&#160;конце слова, не&#160;под ударением)</td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#601;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">popular</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">or</span> (в&#160;конце слова, не&#160;под ударением)</td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#601;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">actor</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">er</span> (в&#160;безударном слоге)</td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#601;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">yesterday, waiter</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ur</span> (в&#160;безударном слоге)</td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#601;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">Saturday</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">a</span> (в&#160;безударном слоге)</td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#601;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">about</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">o</span> (в&#160;безударном слоге)</td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#601;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">control</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">u</span> (в&#160;безударном слоге)</td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#601;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">album</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">on</span> (перед согласной)</td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#652;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">son, London</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ome</span> (перед согласной)</td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#652;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">some, come</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ove</span> (перед согласной)</td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#652;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">love, dove, glove</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ouble</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#652;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">trouble, double</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ouple</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#652;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">couple</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ood</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#652;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">blood</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ull</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#652;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">dull</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ough</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#652;f&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">enough, rough, tough, slough </span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">l</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;l&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">crawl, law, fly</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">sh</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#643;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">ship, she, push, bush, mushroom</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">su</span> (в&#160;начале слова)</td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#643;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">sure, sugar</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ssure</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#643;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">pressure</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">cious</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#643;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">precious</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">cian</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#643;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">musician</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">sion</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#643;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">pension, passion, session, tension</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">tion</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#643;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">station, intention, nation, sensation</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ch</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;t&#643;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">chair, pinch, champaign</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">tch</span> (после краткого гласного)</td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;t&#643;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">fetch, match</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ture</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;t&#643;&#601;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">nature, culture, furniture, literature</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">zh</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#658;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">Zhukov</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">s</span> (между гласными, перед <span class="bolder">i, u</span>)</td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#658;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">visual, usual</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">sure</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#658;&#601;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">pleasure, leisure, measure, treasure</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">sion</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#658;n&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">vision, division, decision, invasion</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ough</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;f&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">enough, rough, tough</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ph</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;f&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">photo, phone, physics, philosophy</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ght</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;t&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">fight, knight, sight</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">s</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;s&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">sister, sound, see</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">s</span> (окончание после глухих)</td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;s&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">cats</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ps</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;s&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">psycho, psychology</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">c</span> (перед <span class="bolder">e, i, y</span>)</td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;s&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">cent, precios, cinema</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">sc</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;s&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">scene, science</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ss</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;s&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">pass, class</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">sw</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;s&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">answer</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">st</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;s&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">listen, fasten</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">stle</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;sl&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">whistle, castle, bustle </span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">kn</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;n&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">knit , know, knife, knot </span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">gn</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;n&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">gnat , gnaw </span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">th</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#240;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">that, other, mother, weather</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">th</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#952;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">third, three, path, bath, author</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">g</span> (перед <span class="bolder">e, i, y</span>)</td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#609;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">give, get</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">g</span> (перед <span class="bolder">a, o, u</span>)</td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#609;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">game, gold, gum</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">gue</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#609;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">dialogue</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">gui</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#609;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">guide</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">gu</span> (после согласной)</td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#609;w&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">language</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">c</span> (перед <span class="bolder">a, o, u</span>)</td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;k&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">cold, cave, cure</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">k</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;k&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">keep, seek</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ck</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;k&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">clock, kick, sick, chicken, truck</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ch</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;k&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">chemistry, stomach, chorus</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">x</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;ks&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">box, fox, wax</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">x</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#609;z&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">exam, exhibit</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">sk</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;sk&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">skate, skill</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">sch</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;sk&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">scheme, school</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">sc</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;sk&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">scarf, scare</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">squ</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;skw&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">squirrel</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">qu</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;kw&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">quite, quick, request, queen, require</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">wr</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;r&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">wrong, write, wrap, wreath </span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ed</span> (после звонких)</td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;d&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">turned</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ed</span> (после <span class="bolder">t, d</span>)</td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#618;d&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">waited, nodded</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">g</span> (перед <span class="bolder">e, i, y</span>)</td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;d&#658;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">general, gin, gym</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">age</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;d&#658;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">cottage, village</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ege</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;d&#658;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">college</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">j</span> (в&#160;начале слова)</td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;d&#658;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">jeans, joy</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">dg</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;d&#658;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">knowledge, fridge, bridge, budget</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ng</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#331;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">lung, strong, taking, song, string</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ng</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#331;&#609;&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">single, jungle</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">nk</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#331;k&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">tank, bank, think, pink, sink</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">nc</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#331;k&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">uncle, anchor, function, sanction</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">mb</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;m&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">numb, thumb, limb, climb, tomb</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ph</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;v&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">nephew</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">wh</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;w&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">why, white, where, when</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">who</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;h&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">who, whom</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">kh</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;h&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">Tchinghiz Khan</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">ed</span> (после глухих, кроме <span class="bolder">t</span>)</td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;t&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">watched, looked</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">z</span></td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;z&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">zoo, zebra, zone</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">s</span> (между гласными, перед <span class="bolder">i, u</span>)</td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;z&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">music, physics</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">s</span> (окончание после звонких)</td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;z&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">dogs, rolls</span></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Правило"><span class="bolder">es</span> (окончание)</td><td data-label="Звук">&#160;&#160;<span class="phonetic">&#47;&#618;z&#47;</span>&#160;&#160;</td><td data-label="Пример"><span class="italic">watches, bases</span></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
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